Why Islamic Financial Institutions in Need for Corporate Governance Essay

Why Islamic Financial Institutions in Need for Corporate Governance Legal Framework - Essay Example Islamic finanical frameworks were especially sucessful in the pre-frontier time however were methodologicaly supplanted by customary money related foundations during the provincial period. Anyway in the course of the last thirty or so years, Islamic budgetary organizations have been making a formidible rebound. Today Islamic money related frameworks have not exclusively been set up in Islamic states, yet additionally universally. Additionally, various customary banks are likewise offering Islamic monetary administrations confirming the worldwide acknowledgment of Islamic money related establishments. As indicated by the World Bank, Islamic fiancial administrations are offered internationally by means of 284 money related foundations in 38 nations which are Islamic and non-Islamic states. Like any money related establishment, great and powerful corporate administration is fundamental for the viable and effective working of the foundation and for the security of partner premiums. The partner insterest are not generally money related in nature and can incorporate morals, values and additionally religion. For Islamic money related establishment, the amin premiums of partners is that the foundation offering Islamic budgetary administrations agree to Shariah standards. Hence Shariah-consistent working in an Islamic money related insitution is the key segment of corporate administration in Islamic monetary organizations. ... Anyway in the course of the last thirty or so years, Islamic money related organizations have been making a formidible rebound. Today Islamic monetary frameworks have not exclusively been set up in Islamic states, yet in addition globally. Besides, various regular banks are likewise offering Islamic monetary administrations confirming the worldwide acknowledgment of Islamic money related institutions.1 According to the World Bank, Islamic fiancial administrations are offered universally by means of 284 budgetary establishments in 38 nations which are Islamic and non-Islamic states.2 Like any money related foundation, great and successful corporate administration is important for the viable and productive working of the organization and for the assurance of partner premiums. The partner insterest are not generally financial in nature and can incorporate morals, values as well as religion. For Islamic budgetary organization, the amin interests of partners is that the foundation offerin g Islamic money related administrations agree to Shariah standards. Therefore Shariah-consistent working in an Islamic budgetary insitution is the key part of corporate administration in Islamic money related institutions.3 The test for Islamic monetary foundations in planning great and successful corporate administration builds is accommodating Shariah-agreeable standards with the premiums of all stakeholders.4 The partner relationship in Islamic monetary organizations is not quite the same as customary monetary establishments since benefit and hazard sharing standards change the idea of the partner relationship.5 Moreover, the meaning of property additionally changes the Islamic money related institution’s point of view on corporate

News in the United States Political System Essay

News in the United States Political System - Essay Example In any case, the characteristics of announcing and reporting in the nation positively have measurements along which they can improve, and a few eyewitnesses are even seriously condemning of the situation as for the media. The idea of substance and protections against predisposition are particularly disputable parts of the issue. There are 3 significant gatherings of partners concerning news and the media: the individuals who report, their crowds, and the substances secured by these reports (Bennett, 2007, p. 6). Every one of these classifications is additionally influenced by their circles of associates and votaries, and the impacts that media content have on their pictures and cultural positions. Be that as it may, the crowd ought to have priority in all issues identified with the advancement of media, in light of the fact that their imperative advantages ought not be undermined in any conditions. This record expositions a survey of how data is examined, dissected, and introduced by US media to its crowds, the effects on every one of the significant classes of partners, and how a portion of the significant saw restrictions can be tended to. It is to a great extent dependent on a significant book on the condition of the US media, which is generally utilized, and which is current too (Bennett, 2007, p. 6). Two critical elements overwhelm key US media forms: financial aspects and innovation. It is costly to accumulate direct data, and to disperse it also. Proprietors, publicists, and speculations of what crowds might want to see and hear, cast oppressive spells on the functions and choices of correspondents and most expert writers. Financial aspects rule news content (Hamilton, 2004, p. 7). The upside of free endeavor turns into a passage obstruction to the extent the assortment and spread of news is concerned. Editors need to work as officials, with eyes on lines of budget summaries, as opposed to on the qualities they ought to have, and the accountabilities which they should hold generally holy. Impedance and mediations by quarters which give money related food to the media isn't outright in any plain manner, yet the unpretentious impulses are not to be denied. The most persuasive of such weights on proficient journalistic procedures, identifies with the job of promoting. The last is straightforwardly identified with sizes of crowds. Truth and pertinence must be docile to speculating with regards to what individuals might want to peruse and to hear. This prompts a high level of subjectivity in the assessment of the media and its utility, in light of the fact that the populace which it serves is so assorted. TV has significantly dislodged the print media as a source mode for news (Bennett, 2007, p. 23). In this way, innovation is a deciding element in molding perspectives, and requires an augmentation if not a move of genuine detailing aptitudes from papers to electronic media structures. This part of media process doesn't end with TV as the Internet develops in impact at extraordinary rates. This pattern is set to quicken a lot further as cell phones offer to keep individuals in contact at practically all occasions. In any case, this doesn't imply that prevailing press is sentenced to out of date quality, and the resurgence of radio is a consoling case of how quality news the board can hold the loyalties of crowds. The business division of media is fantastically unpredictable, and most laypeople are not aware of the coordinations and the executives aptitudes which are fundamental

Light Reactions and Plant Pigments Free Essays

The Effect of Light Reactions on Plant Pigmentation Alyssa Martinez AP Biology fourth pd E. Perkins Abstract In this lab, we were to isolate shades and ascertain Rfâ values utilizing plant color chromatography, depict a method to decide the photosynthetic rate, think about photosynthetic rates at various light powers utilizing controlled examinations and clarify why rateâ of photosynthesis fluctuates under various ecological conditions. In the second piece of the lab, we utilized chloroplasts removed from spinach leaves and hatched then with DPIP and utilized the color decrease strategy. We will compose a custom exposition test on Light Reactions and Plant Pigments or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now At the point when the DPIP is diminished and becomesâ colorless, the resultant increment in light transmittance is estimated over aâ period of time utilizing a spectrophotometer. On the off chance that shades are isolated, at that point Rf esteems can be resolved. Presentation Paper chromatography is aâ useful procedure for isolating and recognizing shades and different particles from cell extricates that contain aâ complex blend of atoms. As dissolvable moves upâ theâ paper, it conveys along anyâ substances broke down in it. The more dissolvable, the furtherâ it ventures and the other way around. Beta carotene isâ the most rich carotene in plants and isâ carried along close to the dissolvable front since it is solvent andâ forms no hydrogen bonds with cellulose. Xanthophyll contains oxygen and is discovered further from the dissolvable front since itâ is less solvent in the dissolvable and isâ slowed somewhere around hydrogenâ bonding to cellulose. Chlorophyll an isâ primary photosynthetic color in plants. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids catch light vitality and move it toâ chlorophyll an at the response place. Light isâ part of a continuum of radiation or vitality waves. Shorter frequencies of vitality have more prominent measures of vitality. Frequencies of light inside the obvious range ofâ light powerâ photosynthesis. Light is consumed by leafâ pigments while electrons inside each photosystem are helped to a higher vitality level. This vitality level isâ used to deliver ATP and reduce NADP to NADPH. ATP and NADPH are then utilized toâ incorporate CO2 into natural atoms. Set up ofâ the electron accepter, NADP, the compound DPIP will be subbed. It changes chloroplasts from blue to boring. Approach Acquire a 50 ml graduated chamber which has around 1 cm of dissolvable at the base. Cut a piece ofâ filter paper which will be sufficiently long to arrive at the dissolvable. Draw a line around 1. 5 cm from the base of the paper. Utilize a quarter to extricate the shades from spinach leaf cells and spot a little segment of leaf on the pencil line. Utilize the ribbed edge of the coin to squash the leaf cells and be certain the color line is on the pencil line. Placeâ the chromatographyâ paper in the chamber and spread the chamber. At the point when the dissolvable is around 1 cm from the highest point of the paper, expel the paperâ and quickly mark the area of the dissolvable front before it vanishes. Imprint the base of each color band and measure the separation each shade moved from theâ bottom of the shade birthplace to the base of the isolated color band and record the separations. At that point, turn on the spectrophotometer to heat up the instrument and set the frequency to 605 nm. Set up a hatching territory thatâ includes a light, water jar, and test tube rack. Name the cuvettes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, individually. Utilizing focal point tissue, wipe the outside dividers of each cuvette. Utilizing foil paper, spread the dividers and base of cuvette 2. Light ought to notâ be allowed inside cuvette 2 since it is a control for this investigation. Include 4 mL of refined water to cuvette 1. To 2, 3, and 4, include 3 mL of refined water andâ 1 mL of DPIP. To 5, include 3 mL in addition to 3 drops of refined water and 1mL of DPIP. Carry the spectrophotometer to zero by modifying the enhancer control handle until the meter peruses 0% transmittance. Include 3 drops of unboiled chloroplasts and spread the highest point of cuvette 1 with Parafilm and rearrange to blend. Supplement cuvette 1 intoâ the test holder and modify theâ instrument to 100% transmittance. Acquire the unboiled chloroplast suspension, mix to blend, and move 3 drops to cuvette 2. Promptly spread and blend cuvette 2. At that point expel it from the foil sleeve andâ insert it into the spectrophotometer’s test holder, read the rate transmittance, and record it. Supplant cuvette 2 into the foil sleeve,â and place it into the brooding test tube rack and turn on the flood light. Take and record extra readings at 5, 10, and 15â minutes. Blend the cuvette’s substance before each perusing. Take the unboiled chloroplast suspension, blend, and move 3 drops to cuvette 3. Quickly spread and blend cuvette 3 and supplement it into the spectrophotometer’s test holder, read the rate transmittance, and record. Supplant cuvette 3 into the hatching test tube rack. Take and record extra readings at 5, 10, andâ 15 minutes. Blend the cuvette’s substance just priorâ to every perusing. Acquire the bubbled chloroplast suspension, blend, and move 3 drops to cuvette 4. Quickly spread and blend cuvette 4. Addition it into the spectrophotometer’s test holder, read the rate transmittance, and record it. Supplant cuvette 4 into the brooding test tube rack and take and record extra readings at 5, 10, andâ 15 minutes. Spread and blend the substance of cuvette 5 and addition it into the spectrophotometer’s test holder, read the rate transmittance, andâ record. Supplant cuvetteâ 5 into the brooding test tube rack and take and record extra readings at 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Results Table 4. 1: Distance Moved by Pigment Band (millimeters) Band Number| Distance (mm)| Band Color| | Distance Solvent Front Moved ____ (mm) Table 4. 2: Analysis of Results __ = Rf for Carotene (yellow to yellow orange) __ = Rf for Xanthophyll (yellow) __ = Rf for Chlorophyll a (carry green to blue green) __ = Rf for chlorophyll b (yellow green to olive green) Table 4. 4: Transmittance (%) Time (minutes) Cuvette| 0| 5| 10| 15| 2 Unboiled/Dark| | 3 Unboiled/Light| | Boiled/Light| | 5 No Chloroplasts/Light| | Analysis of Results Graph Discussion Chromatographyâ isâ aâ techniqueâ usedâ toâ separateâ and recognize colors and different particles from cell removes that contain a perplexing blend of atoms. This can be utilized to distinguish the shades that are utilized in theâ process ofâ photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the procedure by which plants utilize light vitality to create chemicalâ energy as nourishment. This is the place plant shades become an integral factor since they are the motivation behind why the plant can retain light . Chlorophyll an is one suchâ pigment. These colors alongside numerous others are contained in organelles known as chloroplasts. One of the issues experienced over the span of this lab included human mistake when utilizing the spectrophotometer. The understudy made slight mistakes when setting the transmittance to the necessary levels. On a couple of events, the gathering inadvertently brought light into a cuvette where the variable being tried was the nonappearance of light. This may have caused some mistake when taking estimations of the percentageâ of transmittance. This brought about slanted information, which implied that the analysis must be rehashed again. During the initial segment of theâ lab, the gathering made a mistake by permitting some piece of the pigmentâ to be in the dissolvable. This altered our outcomes at long last. Subjects for Discussion 4A: Plant Pigment Chromatography 1. What elements are associated with the partition of the shades? The components associated with the detachment of theâ pigmentsâ from theâ spinach plantsâ are the pigments’ solvency in the arrangement, the amount they tie to the paper dependent on their substance structure, and the size of the shade particles. . Okay expect the Rf estimation of a color to be the equivalent if an alternate dissolvable were utilized? Clarify. No I would not expect the Rf esteems to be diverse in light of the fact that the shades will break up distinctively in various sorts of solvents. For instance, chlorophyll b is extremely solvent in hydrophobic arrangements, so if the squashed spinach cells on the paper were placed in a hydrophobic arrangement, the chlorophyll b would move the most noteworthy and likely be directly on the arrangement front, while different shades will move considerably less. 3. What sort of chlorophyll does the response community contain? What are the jobs of different colors? Chlorophyll an is in the response community, and different colors can ingest light from different frequencies that chlorophyll a can't retain light from, and afterward they move the vitality gathered from different frequencies to the chlorophyll a, giving more vitality to be utilized in photosynthesis. 4B: Photosynthesis/The Light Reaction 1. What is the capacity of DPIP in this investigation? DPIP is the electron acceptor in this analysis (rather than NADP which is what is ordinarily utilized in plants). The electrons helped to high vitality levels will lessen the DPIP, which will change its shading from blue to clear as increasingly high vitality electrons are consumed by it. 2. What atom found in chloroplast does DPIP â€Å"replace† in this test? It replaces NADP atoms that are found in chloroplasts. 3. What is the wellspring of the electrons that will decrease DPIP? The electrons originate from the photolysis of water. 4. What was estimated with the spectrophotometer in this trial? The light transmittance was estimated, which truly was the proportion of how much the chloroplasts decreased the DPIP 5. What is the impact of obscurity on the decrease of DPIP? Clarify. Murkiness will confine any response to happen. 6. What is the impact of

The Unexplained Puzzle Into Sat Writing Essay Samples

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Race And Just Us Or Justice For All - 2112 Words

Race and Just-Us or Justice For All Wise Allah ENG 122: English Composition II Prof. Ann Storey October 13, 2014 One out of every three black males born today can expect to go to prison if the trend in America continues at the rate it is right now. With the prison population in U.S. steady on the rise, is the prison industry a big business or a new form of slavery? Thanks to prison labor, the U.S. has become once again since the so-called abolishment of slavery, an attractive location for investment in work that was designed for Third World labor markets. http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-prison-industry-in-the-united-states-big-business-or-a-new-form-of-slavery/8289 Although the image of Lady Justice has a blindfold over her eyes to represent the theory of â€Å"blind justice,† which means that justice should be brought regardless to the victim’s and offender’s identities. We continue to have disparate numbers of minority inmates in the prison population, which is still escalating. Is this a result of a higher rate of minority crimes, or are minorities a victim of a crimin al act due to our judicial system removing the blindfold and is operating outside the realm of justice and equality based on racist ideology and greed? In order for us to diagnose this situation, we must penetrate the American Judicial System in the same manner that a physician cuts and enters a body to extricate cancer. If a physician does not get inside, there is nothing,Show MoreRelatedPoverty Inequality By Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1644 Words   |  7 Pages Inequality in Justice Equality means for all to be equal. However, this â€Å"equality† that is spoken of hardly exists in our society today and most definitely not in the past. Living in today’s society, many classifications are given to us. Things like gender, race, social status, wealth, background, age, and many other factors have come to define a single person in our world. 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Themes And Symbols In The Red Badge Of Courage - 992 Words

Symbols have a huge role in the everyday life. Somebody gives their loved one a red rose to express the love that they have for them. While the bride and the groom wear white apparels to their wedding to represent the new life, that they are starting together. In the novel, The Red Badge of Courage, written by Stephen Crane, a boy named Henry Fleming learns to face his fears. In the novel, A Separate Peace, written by John Knowles, Gene goes back to his old school and recalls the events that happened to him while he was in school. Both novels have an important symbol that contributes to the theme. Symbolically speaking, Crane’s novel shows symbolism through an idea known as the red badge of courage. The red badge of courage, being the†¦show more content†¦However, he witnesses several men getting injured and seeing this contributes to his fear toward war. Henry’s emotional badge of courage is his cowardness which is seen when he explores the way wars are fought . He seems to be in a state of shock when watching how his friends of the regiment die ruthlessly in a battle. Henry, being able to escape from the battlefield, serves as an evidence that he was not ready for the lifestyle in a war. Soldiers dying out of pain, the extreme weather conditions, and the lack of supplies was horrifying for Henry. Henry’s red badge(s) of courage support the theme of overcoming his or her fears. Henry escapes the battlefield because he could not handle the terrors of the war, but the taunts of the society and the desire to get a red badge of courage compelled him to come back. Henry returns to war prepared to fight the enemy. It is an understanding that in order to defeat an individual’s fear, motivation and inspiration is required. Henry’s desire to get a red badge of courage inspires him to face his fears of war. Similarly, Knowles’ novel portrays a symbol of maturity through the Winter Session of the Devon School. 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A man who lives fully is prepared to die at any time.† [Epigraph] Although he struggles to learn that being a soldier means more thanRead MoreDehumanization in the Red Badge of Courage2369 Words   |  10 Pagesnovel The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane forcefully depicts an epic adventure though war where the men fight for their lives. These men are subject to a scene which scars and destroys the human consciousness. The result of the war and its bloody landscape causes men to lose basic human judgment and replaces it with mindless violence. All of the men are stripped of what makes them unique and are subject to a merciless war . It is clear as shown by Stephen Crane’s The Red Badge of Courage the men

International Energy Policies

Questions: 1. Summary of decisions regarding climate change and energy policy in United Nations Climate Change Conference 2015, COP 21.2. Framework of Energy Policies in the United States.3. Impact of decisions from UNFCCC Meetings Conference of Parties on the energy policy of United States.4. Key global challenges and issues faced the world oil and gas industry. Answers: Introduction The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty. It was formed to stabilize the concentrations of greenhouse gases within the environment so as to avoid unsafe interference in the climate. UNFCCC serves as the formal meeting of the Conference of Parties (COP) to consider the development while dealing with the climatic change. In 2015, the United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21 was held in Paris. The negotiations resulted in the adoption of the Paris Agreement, which would govern the climate change reduction measures from 2020 (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2015). In order to support the Paris Agreement only 55 countries make at least 55 percent of the greenhouse gas emissions. The report analyzes the framework of the energy policies along with the key global challenges and issues faced by the oil as well as gas industry of United States. This report critically evaluates the impact of the Paris Agreement decisions on the energy policy of the United States. Further, recommendations are given to overcome the challenges and issues in the oil as well as gas industry. 1. Summary of decisions regarding climate change and energy policy in United Nations Climate Change Conference 2015, COP 21 The primary purpose of the Paris Agreement, based on the negotiations of the UNCCC of 2015 was to limit global warming to less than 2 degree Celsius. In addition to this, the agreement also aimed at attaining zero net anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by the latter half of the 21st Century. The decisions that were taken in the conference regarding climate change and energy policy are the outcomes of the UNFCCC. Firstly, it takes the decision to control the rise of global temperature and maintain it below 2 degree Celsius. Secondly, it commits all the countries to report on the carbon emissions to achieve nationally determined contributions. Thirdly, it extends a mechanism in order to address loss and damage resulting in climate change, which serves as a basis for liability or compensation (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2015). Fourthly, this agreement calls for a mechanism, which is similar to Clear Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol, which en ables in reduction of carbon emission. The Paris Agreement makes the latest step in the evolution of the UN climate change with the acceptance of the Framework Convention. This agreement articulates two long-term emissions goals such as peak emissions and goal of neutrality of net greenhouse gas. Burns (2015) opined that the agreement also establishes a new method to succeed the Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism, which generates tradable emission offsets. The main objective of UNFCCC is to stabilize greenhouse gas absorptions within the atmosphere to an extent so as to reduce dangerous repercussions of climate change. At the Paris meeting, the international agreement decides to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide. It was agreed to aim for a temperature increase below 2 degree Celsius as well as aim for less than 1.5 degrees. Moreover, it proposes that the government initiates mitigation actions to lower the carbon emissions (Carbonwatch.com, 2015). 2. Framework of Energy Policies in the United States The principles discussion in the UNFCCC conference has influenced the energy policy of United States, which has direct to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as well as the Kyoto Protocol. In the year 2015, the Paris Agreement consolidated the years of negotiations with an agreement along with 188 countries in order to connect the emissions of carbon dioxide. The agreement based on change in climate will emphasise the reduction of carbon emissions (Carbonwatch.com, 2015). The policy is measured to meet both the obligations as well as objectives of the Paris Agreement that have been executed at the national level (Lind et al. 2013). The ultimate goal of the energy policy of US is to seek the lowest price of the energy with the implication that the environmental consequences should not be tailored as a part of the cost. The other goal of the energy policy of US is to reduce the burning of fossil fuels and replaces the fossil fuels energy with nuclear power (Jenner and L amadrid, 2013). The main goal is to develop all the sources of energy to ascertain that they are available at reasonable prices. It is called all of the above strategy. The energy policy of US would not matter except for factor such as the supply of fossil fuel is additional than 80 percent of the worlds energy. Due to burning of fossil fuels, most of the regions of US are induced with climatic change (Miller, Richter and OLeary, 2015). The country has less time to reduce the carbon emissions in order to avoid the risk of catastrophic climate consequences. 3. Impact of decisions from UNFCCC Meetings Conference of Parties on the energy policy of United States Due to the adoption of the Paris Agreement, it gives a major impact on the energy policy of United States. In order to achieve the aim of limiting the global warming to 2 degree Celsius, US require reducing their emissions by 95 percent approximately with additional changes. The countries fulfil their commitment jointly, and it improves the competence of compliance throughout flexibility mechanism. Although the countries those are following the Kyoto Protocol, it has reduced their emissions nationally (Onat, Kucukvar and Tatari, 2015). There are three mechanisms that have been recognized to improve the financial efficiency of reductions and they are emission trading, clean development mechanism as well as joint implementation. 3.1 Emission trading It is a business sector based approach, dealing with the environmental objectives permitting the United States to diminish the emission of greenhouse gases (Jasper, 2014). It is done to increase reductions to balance the emission at another source, inside as well as outside the nation. Smyth and Narayan (2015) opined that trading happens at worldwide, intra-organization as well as domestic levels. 3.2 Clear Development Mechanism This mechanism is proposed by the developed countries to reduce the emission of carbon in developing countries. Axelrod and VanDeveer (2014) argued that the developed countries earn authorized emission reduction divisions that used beside the country's reduction obligation. This method is focused on the expansion aid as well as emission reduction. 3.3 Joint implementation One urbanized the country with emission caps work with another in a project-based method. It is done to decrease the emissions as well as share their resulting emission reduction units (Goldemberg and Guardabassi, 2015). 4. Key global challenges and issues faced the world oil and gas industry Due to Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Production levels, the prices of oil have dropped resulting in the boom in the U.S. oil as well as other factors. The prices if oil and gas become the determining factor to understand whether the reserve is cost-effectively reasonable (Axelrod and VanDeveer, 2014). The operational cost is also a risk in oil and gas industry. The companies are struggling to retain qualified workers, as they require during the boom times. Therefore, the payroll also rises to add another cost to the entire companies (Bohringer, 2014). However, the oil and gas industries have a high capital-intensive with very few players at the time. These are key challenges that are faced by the oil as well as gas industry. Podobnik (2015) argued from the two months that the trend of extended upward pressure on the price of oil was a dominant feature of spring 2004. Additionally, production of OPEC increases, the commercial crude oil inventories have risen to the secured levels (Smyth and Narayan, 2015). The following are the key issues and challenges in the oil and gas industry: 4.1 Energy demand and supply The crude oil demand is superior to its supply. Due to economic as well as population growth, the global demand of energy has doubled in the first half of the century (Sabel and Victor, 2015). The global oil supply company will struggle to keep pace with the demand due to declining output in mature fields by 80 percent in the year 2035. 4.2 Increase the production of the liquid fuels Oil as well as gas industry faces a vital challenge of the storage of liquid fuel in this period (Anuar and Abdullah, 2016). The American Petroleum Institute points towards the fact that the production of oil sand limits in 2014 due to a scarcity of pipelines leading from the refineries towards the market. The rising demand of the oil as well as gas can meet by expanding the fuel mix with the hi-tech technologies. It is only achieved by increasing the contribution of the bio fuels. As the bio fuels are highly beneficial so they are compatible with the existing infrastructures of the organization. 4.3 Fluctuate crude prices Due to political stability as well as efforts in different regions of the world, it leads to fluctuation in the price of fuel. The issues that lead to fluctuation of crude oils are slow approval of new capital projects and acquisition of the activity (Westphal, 2016). It is required to maintain an effective operation to maintain the margin in the environment. In order to overcome with this challenge, the oil as well as gas industry should atomize the drilling mechanism as well as robotic technology. 4.4 Cost of services The increase in the cost of services is a vital disruption for oil as well as gas industry. This increased cost cuts the value chains from exploration to the production and refining (Brook and Bradshaw, 2015). It results in a higher price of a commodity as well as it is driven the industry action to point the service industry lacks the capacity in order to respond. Both the server as well as desktop virtualization manages the cost of the services. Recommendations The following are the recommendations to overcome the key global issues and challenges of the world gas and oil industry: Implementation of Energy Efficiency Strategies: The administration of the United States ought to keep up their ways towards secure sustainable energy system by supporting the execution of energy efficiency strategies with an emphasis on transport and also building segments. Completion of Quadrennial Energy Audit: Completing the procedure lead to the quadrennial energy audit and, in addition, it is required to re-set up a stable and vital coordinated standpoint for the energy sector. Providing Bio-fuels: The rising demand of the oil and gas expands the transportation fuel mix with the hi-tech technologies. It is attained by raising the contribution of the bio-fuels. This is extremely beneficial as it is compatible with the existing infrastructures. Assertion of Robotic Drilling System: The oil and gas industries should assert use of new Robotic Drilling System, which establishes a raised security and is a cost-effective preparation for drilling activities both offshore, and on the land. Implementation of Modern Supply Chain Management Technology: Supply chain modern technology should be utilized by the oil and gas industry so that the system can access the computational web servers with superior speed to access the data. It allows the administrators to handle the improved supply of crude oil. This supply system optimizes the possible advantages of the collaboration among the oil and gas industry as well as its vendor organizations. Conclusion It is concluded that from the past two decades, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) meetings which were held at the Paris in 2015 aimed to find the solution for the impact of global warming which refers to change in climate. The Paris agreement establishes a new method to succeed the Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism, which generates tradable emission offsets. However, technologies, as well as collaboration, are the key factors to upstream the reserves growth. Regarding the change in advanced technology and environmental threats, the industries are also changing so rapidly. Even from the internal as well as external critics, it is seen that United States is locked in their national-level energy policy. However, the decisions, which are taken in the agreements, give a high impact on the energy policy of the oil and gas industry. References Anuar, M.R. and Abdullah, A.Z. (2016). 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